La présidente du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (Fem), Naoko Ishii s’est appesantie sur les causes profondes de l’épidémie de coronavirus. Naoko Ishii est très préoccupée par l’impact de la pandémie sur les pays en développement et les petits États insulaires où le Fem finance des programmes et des projets environnementaux. Elle est d’ailleurs consciente que l’Homme n’est qu’un être vulnérable. Dans une interview relayée par Vert Togo, elle est revenue sur le message que la pandémie nous envoie sur notre mode de vie.
Pour elle, La propagation rapide du virus à travers les frontières et l’infection aveugle des personnes de tous les horizons ont montré à quel point notre planète est petite, et nous montrent à quel point nous sommes tous connectés.
Que signifie l’épidémie de coronavirus pour l’action internationale en matière d’environnement ?
La crise a révélé à quel point nous sommes vulnérables. Il est désormais clair que nous ne pouvons pas considérer notre mode de vie actuel comme acquis et que nous devons trouver de meilleurs moyens de travailler ensemble pour résoudre les problèmes mondiaux. Face à covid-19, il existe un sentiment collectif plus fort de ce que nous risquons de perdre. Aujourd’hui, plus que jamais, nous devons prendre soin les uns des autres et de notre maison commune.
Pour le bien de notre planète, nous devons nous attaquer aux causes de l’épidémie de coronavirus, qui sont à l’origine du changement climatique, des dommages environnementaux et de la perte de biodiversité. Notre développement économique moderne a été si puissant et a conduit les systèmes humains trop près des systèmes naturels, ce qui a permis aux agents pathogènes de passer plus facilement des animaux sauvages aux humains, puis de se propager dans le monde entier grâce à un réseau mondial d’échanges et de voyages. Nous vivons au-delà de la capacité de charge de notre planète, ce qui met les systèmes humains et les systèmes naturels sur une trajectoire de collision. Le remède et la prévention fondamentaux de cette situation consisteront à changer notre mode de vie.
Il y a peu de temps, nous pensions que 2020 serait une “super année” pour la nature. Cela a-t-il changé ?
Oui et non. Nous avons commencé l’année 2020 avec de grandes attentes, car nous avions le sentiment que la nature avait enfin capté l’imagination politique ainsi que l’attention du public. Je faisais partie de ceux qui se sentaient optimistes quant à la possibilité de traduire cette nouvelle urgence en accords internationaux ambitieux sur la biodiversité, le changement climatique, les océans, etc. Malheureusement, l’épidémie de coronavirus a entraîné le report des principales conférences de négociation nécessaires pour parvenir à ces accords.
Mais ce délai supplémentaire pourrait nous aider, d’une certaine manière. Plusieurs conférences clés ayant été reportées à 2021, nous disposons de plus de temps pour accélérer nos travaux et faire en sorte que les prochaines étapes en matière d’environnement intègrent les enseignements tirés du covid-19 et soutiennent un modèle plus durable pour l’ensemble de l’économie. Nous ne devons pas reconstruire notre économie de la même manière qu’elle a été brusquement suspendue. Nous devons travailler 24 heures sur 24 pour veiller à ce que les plans de relance économique et les nouveaux accords environnementaux soient bien conçus pour mettre en harmonie les systèmes humains et les systèmes naturels.
La crise covid-19 affecte-t-elle différemment les pays en développement, en termes d’environnement ?
Les petits exploitants agricoles, les pêcheurs et les mineurs de subsistance, les habitants des bidonvilles et d’autres personnes vulnérables risquent d’être très exposés à cette crise au virus, mais aussi aux risques de perte des moyens de subsistance, de pauvreté, de faim, de manque d’éducation, etc. Toute la chaîne d’approvisionnement mondiale a été touchée par cette situation, et le plus grand fardeau sera ressenti par le maillon le plus faible de la chaîne de valeur. Il s’agit d’une préoccupation majeure, qui aura des répercussions sur notre approche visant à renforcer la résilience environnementale des pays en développement.
En cette période de crise, nous devons veiller à soutenir les gardiens de la nature, les gardes forestiers, les chefs de communauté et les autres personnes en première ligne qui travaillent à la protection de la faune et de la nature dans les forêts tropicales, les zones humides, les zones sèches et les communautés côtières. Nous veillerons à ce que les projets pertinents financés par le Fem continuent de permettre à ces personnes héroïques de faire leur travail important et à ce que les objectifs initiaux des projets environnementaux ne soient pas compromis.
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